關代子句之二

關代子句之一 
關代子句之三(分詞構句)
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要學分詞構句之前，必須先具備兩個重要的英文概念－關代子句概念以及被動式。還沒看過第一篇的同學最好先讀一下。

​有關關代省略
關代有時會被省略，通常英文越厲害的人，字會越少，關代的地位就反而變得不重要。但省略關代後，主動動詞要加ing，被動式要留下pp，這個過程很容易出錯，加上不是每個關代都可以被省略然後把動詞加ing，通常我給初學者的建議就是以先大量閱讀為主，先開始關注有哪些地方關代疑似被省略，留下一個ing或pp的分詞，有一天你會突然發現你會了。
 
最簡單的關代省略：
The woman who lives next door is a doctor. 
= The woman living next door is a doctor.
 
上面是關代代表的主詞是主動的。但很多時候關代代表的字是被動式，例如：
 The bridge which was built thirty years ago still stands there.
= The bridge built thirty years ago still stands there.
橋是被蓋的，所以關代子句中有被動式 which was built，要省略時是關代跟be動詞一起省略，只留下pp。這是省略的規則，沒什麼好討價還價的，沒有為什麼。學習者就是用，不然就是不要用。
 
我最常看到的錯誤，就是沒事把關代which又加回去，變成一種沒人看懂的英文The bridge which built thirty years ago still stands there，不然就是把be動詞加回去，變成The bridge was built thirty years ago still stands there。這兩種錯都很常見。

難版的分詞構句就都是同一個原理延伸出來的。
主動 Fish feeding off the coral (吃珊瑚的魚) are able to withstand powerful ultraviolet rays. 

被動 The Parthenon of Greece, built (被建立於) on the Acropolis in Athens, was the chief temple to the goddess Athena.
 
更多句型示範： 
The church was built in 1700, and now it is a popular tourist spot.
= Built in 1700, the church is now a popular tourist spot.
 
The computer was introduced in the 70's, and now it is widely used in people's lives.
= Introduced in the 70's, the computer is widely used in people's lives.
 
大量閱讀並且把你看到的關代省略句型抄在本子裏並且常常拿出來複習吧。